The hallmark of Bartonella infection is long-lasting intraerythrocytic parasitism
Intracellular Bartonella survived and replicated in macrophages at an early stage of infection. Intracellular Bartonella inhibited spontaneous cell death of macrophages. They also inhibited Salmonella-induced pyroptosis and mildly reduced inflammasome activation through an unidentified mechanism
Is er iemand die dit al gebruikt heeft tegen Bartonella?
The usual treatments are chloramphenicol (CHL) or ciprofloxacin (CIP), alone or combined with cephalosporins or aminoglycosides in for the acute stage. Rifampicin (RIF) or azithromycin (AZM) are used in the chronic stage6,9. Despite the reported ~10% of deaths among patients receiving adequate treatment3, it is widely considered that this microorganism has good clinical response to the above mentioned treatments.
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The annual incidence of CSD has been estimated as 4.7 per 100 000 in the United States. It occurs predominantly in the southern states, with a peak in January, and disproportionately affects children. Retinal infiltrates, neuroretinitis and branch retinal artery occlusions have been reported as common manifestations of ocular bartonellosis in recent series. The use of different antigens for serodiagnosis and new real-time PCR assays for molecular diagnosis have been described. Despite lack of a standard treatment, good visual outcomes were generally reported in patients with ocular bartonellosis.
SUMMARY:
Bartonella infections continue to be a burden worldwide and epidemiologic features may guide preventive measures in high-risk regions and populations. An increased awareness of diverse posterior segment manifestations will lead to an early diagnosis of ocular bartonellosis. Laboratory diagnostic methods continue to evolve and may be applied to the investigation of ocular fluids for a definitive diagnosis of ocular bartonellosis. Well designed clinical trials are required to establish the optimum treatment of especially sight-threatening manifestations.
Weet je trouwens zeker dat er ook geen sprake is van een borrelia infectie?
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