Biofilm

[Henriëtte]

The Emerging Role of Microbial Biofilm in Lyme Neuroborreliosis; 03-12-2018

LNB is, in many cases, responsive to appropriate antimicrobial therapy and the clinical improvement sustained by the antibiotic treatment provide further evidence for the direct contribution of B. burgdorferi in disease pathogenesis. However, the chronic persistence, the frequent reoccurrence of LNB and the ability of B. burgdorferi to tolerate multiple cycles of antibiotic treatment is strongly suggestive for the formation of biofilm or biofilm-like protective structure (20–23). Indeed, different studies have shown that B. burgdorferi can switch from a motile to a stationary status, in which the cells are embedded within a biofilm matrix (22). B. burgdorferi biofilms have been observed both in vitro and in human infected skin tissues (22, 23). These structures express different mucopolysaccharides, particularly alginate, extracellular DNA and calcium, which are all typical markers of biofilm (22). The presence of biofilm may explain the low rate of Borrelia detection in the blood of infected patients as well as the ability of the spirochetes to evade the host immune system and resist the antibiotic therapy (21, 24–27).

This review investigates the differences in the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of LNB with particular emphasis on the pathogenetic role of B. burgdorferi biofilm in tissue adhesion, colonization and survival.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6287027/

Henriëtte

[Sproetje]

Biofilm Structures of Borrelia burgdorferi Not Only Display More Tolerance to Lyme Antibiotics But Also Cause More Severe Pathology In a Mouse Arthritis Model: Implications for Understanding Persistence, PTLDS and Treatment Failure

Jie Feng, Tingting Li, Ying Zhang
2018

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/440461v2

…..
Here we isolated biofilm-like microcolony and planktopic form (spirochetal forms and round body) from stationary phase culture and found that the stationary phase planktonic form (SP) and microcolony form (MC) were much more tolerant to the current antibiotics for Lyme disease, doxycycline, ceftriaxone and cefuroxime than log phase spirochete form (LOG). In addition, we also compared the ability of the variant forms to cause disease in a mouse arthritis model. Surprisingly, the MC in particular and the SP caused a more severe arthritis with an earlier onset of inflammation and joint swelling than LOG. MC-infected mice showed significant joint swelling as early as 9 days post-infection, while the LOG and SP did not cause significant swelling.
…..

[VerlorengezondheidM]

Polymicrobial Biofilms In Chronic Infectious Disease

Polymicrobial biofilms are associated with various chronic infections including diabetic foot ulcers, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, anaerobic soft tissue infections, cystic fibrosis lung infection, and chronic tonsillitis, to name a few.

These diverse microbial communities are in essence an ecosystem. Both host and microorganisms recognize and respond to each other, as do the various members of the microbial community. In this way, microorganisms co-evolve, evade immune clearance and so persist for many months or years. Permanent or transient genetic changes allow bacteria to adapt to the host environment, in some cases dampening acute immune responses that would otherwise clear infection, and perpetuating low-grade inflammation that promotes persistent colonization.
Synergistic behavior between different bacterial species can result in increased virulence and better colonization. Chronic polymicrobial infections are notoriously difficult to treat with conventional antimicrobial therapies. In part, this is due to the protective nature of the biofilm lifestyle, but may also be consequent to synergies between members of the microbial community that increase collective tolerance. This means that for many people with chronic infections, the clinical outcome is management rather than cure, with the aim of impairing progression. However, ultimately, the longer a chronic infection persists, the poorer the prognosis.

Ineffective or inaccurate diagnosis can hamper the successful treatment of chronic infections. Many routine isolation and identification strategies do not account for the polymicrobial, biofilm nature of chronic infections, nor are they optimal for giving an accurate representation of all the microorganisms present.

Longstanding questions about the role of polymicrobial community interactions in infection aetiology, virulence, persistence and antibiotic resistance, which were previously impossible to address, are starting to become answerable with new infection models and analytical approaches. It is therefore timely to bring together new literature that seeks to open the “black box” of polymicrobial biofilm using a variety of approaches.

Bron: Frontiersin, lees meer

[VerlorengezondheidM]

Mixed Borrelia burgdorferi and Helicobacter pylori Biofilms in Morgellons Disease Dermatological Specimens

by Marianne J. Middelveen 1OrcID, Katherine R. Filush 2, Cheryl Bandoski 2, Rumanah S. Kasliwala 2OrcID, Anthony Melillo 2, Raphael B. Stricker 3,*OrcID and Eva Sapi 2OrcID

Methods: Testing for Bb and Hp was performed on dermatological specimens from 14 MD patients using tissue culture, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and confocal microscopy.

Results: Bb and Hp were detected in dermatological tissue taken from MD lesions. Bb and Hp tended to co-localize in foci within the epithelial tissue. Skin sections exhibiting foci of co-infecting Bb and Hp contained amyloid markers including β-amyloid protein, thioflavin and phosphorylated tau. The biofilm marker alginate was also found in the sections. Conclusions: Mixed Bb and Hp biofilms containing β-amyloid and phosphorylated tau may play a role in the evolution of MD.

Bron: Mdpi.com, lees meer

[Sproetje]

The Long-Term Persistence of Borrelia burgdorferi Antigens and DNA in the Tissues of a Patient with Lyme Disease

Eva Sapi 1,*, Rumanah S. Kasliwala 1, Hebo Ismail 1, Jason P. Torres 1, Michael Oldakowski 1, Sarah Markland 1, Gauri Gaur 1, Anthony Melillo 1, Klaus Eisendle 2, Kenneth B. Liegner 3,4,5, Jenny Libien 6 and James E. Goldman 7
2019

[VerlorengezondheidM]

Bacterial biofilms as a potential contributor to mucinous colorectal cancer formation

Shan Li (a,b) , Maikel P. Peppelenbosch (a) , Ron Smits(a)

a
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
b
Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Daping Hospital (Army Medical Center), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China

Bron: scientists.com, lees meer

[VerlorengezondheidM]

Biofilms: What are they? How do they impact chronic infections?

Bron: Galaxydx.com, lees meer

[VerlorengezondheidM]

Biofilms and their role in culture-negative infections

Trine Rolighed Thomsen
Aalborg University
Danish Technological Institute
Denmark

SY0816 (1).pdf

Biofilms and their role in
culture-negative infections

(3.42 MiB) 247 keer gedownload

ESCMID∗ guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of biofilm infections 2014

Author links open overlay panelN.Høiby12T.Bjarnsholt12C.Moser1G.L.Bassi3T.Coenye4G.Donelli5L.Hall-Stoodley6V.Holá7C.Imbert8K.Kirketerp-Møller9D.Lebeaux10A.Oliver11A.J.Ullmann12C.Williams13for theESCMID Study Group for Biofilms (ESGB) and Consulting External Expert Werner Zimmerli14

Abstract

Biofilms cause chronic infections in tissues or by developing on the surfaces of medical devices. Biofilm infections persist despite both antibiotic therapy and the innate and adaptive defence mechanisms of the patient. Biofilm infections are characterized by persisting and progressive pathology due primarily to the inflammatory response surrounding the biofilm. For this reason, many biofilm infections may be difficult to diagnose and treat efficiently. It is the purpose of the guideline to bring the current knowledge of biofilm diagnosis and therapy to the attention of clinical microbiologists and infectious disease specialists. Selected hallmark biofilm infections in tissues (e.g. cystic fibrosis with chronic lung infection, patients with chronic wound infections) or associated with devices (e.g. orthopaedic alloplastic devices, endotracheal tubes, intravenous catheters, indwelling urinary catheters, tissue fillers) are the main focus of the guideline, but experience gained from the biofilm infections included in the guideline may inspire similar work in other biofilm infections. The clinical and laboratory parameters for diagnosing biofilm infections are outlined based on the patient’s history, signs and symptoms, microscopic findings, culture-based or culture-independent diagnostic techniques and specific immune responses to identify microorganisms known to cause biofilm infections. First, recommendations are given for the collection of appropriate clinical samples, for reliable methods to specifically detect biofilms, for the evaluation of antibody responses to biofilms, for antibiotic susceptibility testing and for improvement of laboratory reports of biofilm findings in the clinical microbiology laboratory. Second, recommendations are given for the prevention and treatment of biofilm infections and for monitoring treatment effectiveness. Finally, suggestions for future research are given to improve diagnosis and treatment of biofilm infections.

Bron: sciencedirect.com, lees meer

Lyme and Chlamydia May Share Housing

By Dr. Potter

Bron: sanctuaryfunctionalmedicine.com, lees
meer

[VerlorengezondheidM]

Bartonella henselae Biofilm Detected on Catheter of Patient with Persistent Bartonellosis

Melissa Weber-Sanders1
, Paulo ENF Velho2
, Gislaine Vieira-Damiani2
, Marilene Neves da Silva2
, Vitor
B. Pelegati3
, Carlos Lenz Cesar3 and Marna Ericson1

Zie bijlage.

div-class-title-bartonella-henselae-biofilm-detected-on-catheter-of-patient-with-persistent-bartonellosis-div.pdf

Bron: Cambridge.org

(448.86 KiB) 239 keer gedownload

[VerlorengezondheidM]

Study Reveals that Bacteria Use “Memory” to Form Biofilms

by Timothy Dean

In the earliest stages of biofilm formation, bacteria must first gather sensory information about the surface and then develop the ability to attach to it. For the first time, researchers were able to track the actions of whole lineages of single cells and discovered that the descendants were able to “remember” surface sensing signals of their predecessors. This allowed cells to return to the surface progressively better adapted for sensing and irreversible attachment, the first step in committing to a biofilm.

Bron: geiselmed.dartmouth.edu, lees meer